Ground has been broken high on a mountaintop at Las Campanas Observatory in Chile—elevation 8,255 feet. They’re building something called the Giant Magellan Telescope, or the “GMT.” Yeah, I know… what about the Webb Space Telescope? Didn’t it just go online last year? And how many telescopes does it take to satisfy an astronerd?
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Webb operates in the infrared spectrum. The GMT will operate in visible light, just like your eyeballs. 👀 and how “giant” is giant? It will be made up of 7 individual mirrors (six of which have already been cast), each one 8.4 meters in diameter. So each of the seven will be 2 meters wider than all 18 of Webb’s hexagonal mirrors combined. Which together, measures a paltry 6-1/2 meters.
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So it’s’a gonna be a big bastardo. The combined mirror surfaces of the GMT will be 25-1/2 meters, and will have four times the image resolving power as the JWST. But again, JWST operates in a realm where GMT can’t: infrared. That’s why it can “see” so deep into space and so far back in time.
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So, about that whole “We shouldn’t build telescopes on Earth anymore, because the atmosphere ruins all the fun” thingy…
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From the article: “It’s ironic that the race to characterize the atmosphere’s of distant exoplanets is hampered by the Earth’s turbulent atmosphere, which makes images blurry—hence the invention of the space telescope. However, modern ground-based telescopes—including the Giant Magellan Telescope—have a clever system called adaptive optics that allow it to correct for that blurring effect.
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As light comes in waves through Earth’s atmosphere “it gets choppy and damaged and looks like potato chip,” said Bernstein. “So we measure that and we put exactly the opposite shape onto a deformable mirror, which completely flattens out the wavefront again.” The Giant Magellan Telescope’s adaptive secondary mirrors will be able to reshape the primary mirror surface 2,000 times a second to keep up with the turbulence in the atmosphere. The tech has been around for decades, but this new era is all about advanced new algorithms to control the mirrors and ever-smaller actuators on the mirrors.
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The result, remarkably, should be better optical image quality than space-based telescopes. After all, JWST has a 6.5-meter mirror.”
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More from Forbes:
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https://www.forbes.com/sites/jamiecartereurope/2023/06/13/new-1-billion-telescope-will-be-fitted-with-a-large-earth-finder/?sh=114baf841a96